Wednesday, February 26, 2014

Life Before Xerox - 6

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A month after I joined the brahmin wing of research at our university in Vizagh, I saw a gentleman who had just then returned from Michigan State University. Dr CRKM was then a Reader at our university back from his sabbatical year. He drove an ancient jalopy, wore jeans pants (unheard of then at Vizagh), smoked Marlboro cigarettes (leftovers from his US visit) and was very Yankee in his speech and manners. He looked very much a Chaplin clone but I found him a very dedicated researcher in NQR experiments.

He met me one day in my room and handed me what he called Dean's Thesis just out in the US. And asked me to make a hard copy of the entire thesis for the benefit of all the scholars in our lab. The entire thesis was enclosed in a small box the size of a cassette record container. And he said it was a microfilm that he got as a gift from Dean...and the blurb on the box read:

"University Microfilms Limited, Michigan"

And he asked me to go to our brand new Central Library building which had a Microfilm Reader. I was simply charmed that a thesis of 200 odd pages could be squeezed inside a cigarette box...remember I am a village kid.

The next day I visited the Library and was told that the new microfilm-reader was housed in an air-conditioned cubicle in the basement. And found a liveried attendant manning its entrance who asked me to wait since the microfilm-reader was 'engaged'. I cooled my heels hanging around here and there till a couple of Eng Lit scholars emerged from the cubicle. I couldn't find any microfilm box in their hands but only broad smiles on their faces...they tipped the attendant handsomely on their way out.

I was then allowed to enter the A/C cubicle and was told to get my job done and quit within an hour! And I found on a centered table a device the size of a B&W TV of a later era. And opened the packet and inserted it into the assigned slot...and lo and behold, the entire thesis appeared on the screen blown up page after page just by pressing the 'next page' button. 

It took me all of 3 months to make a hard copy of the damn thing in my note book...circuit diagrams, sample holders, graphs and tables included. That was the kind of research I was engaged in for the next 2 years till I ran away happily and went to IIT KGP where I was asked to teach the best of students without getting thrown out bodily...something I relished a 100 times more than hand-copying Dean's thesis...whoever that Dean was...Google tells me his first name is Charles...bless him!


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Tuesday, February 25, 2014

Life Before Xerox - 5

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At school in Muthukur we were not very much aware of caste and religious distinctions between us classmates. Of course there were many Muslim students and we knew them since their names were revealing...starting with either Sheik (Sk) or Sayyed (Sd). But they were all great sports and I made many Muslim friends although they dropped out of school before our school finals.

Things were slightly different when I went to our university at Vizagh. Except for Sastrys and Sharmas, who were obviously the hated brahmins, the last names didn't reveal their castes. Moorthy could be any caste and so could Rao. And we never asked.  

By when we came to our final year we grew close enough to subtly reveal our castes. This was by our curious love affairs. There were not enough girls in our university for all of us to fall in love with, on a one-on-one basis. But there were our Telugu film heroines each of who could easily take a handful of student-lovers without fist fights...mind you, lovers are not the same as fans...love is lot deeper.

This rich and brilliant Moorthy in our class one day revealed to me that he had fallen head over heels in love with this young and popular film heroine, J, and was bent on grabbing and marrying her as early as he could. I asked him why J and why not B or R or S. He winked and replied that J belonged to the same caste as he...a vysya (bania). He was heart-broken when he came to know that J was of mixed brahmin-vysya parentage and her parents wanted to marry her to a brahmin rather than a vysya...which they did eventually. My wife tells me that the eventual hubby of J was a distant relative of hers and she pointed her out to me in a marriage function of their sub-caste that we attended. Unfortunately J was in her seventies by then and I could hardly recognize her as Moorthy's erstwhile sweetheart. Felt glad for Moorthy who married a pucca Vysya girl who made him happy enough.

As soon as we passed our M Sc and joined our research labs, things became wide open. We came to know that the two wings on the ground floor of our JVD College housing our research labs came in two flavors...brahmin (south wing) and non-brahmin (north wing). Brahmin students without exception gravitated to the south wing and found their research guides there, and the others drifted to the north wing. And when a south-winger walked in the north wing, eyes focused on him and moved till he was out of sight, like radar antennas. Our interaction soon stopped.

On the very first day of my research life I was grabbed by a brahmin scholar 3 years senior to me who was on the verge of writing and submitting his thesis. And I was asked to assist in getting his thesis done up.

I came to know that there was only one typewriter shared between the two wings and it traveled from one wing to the other by hook and crook and steal and keep. There was a brahmin typist for the south wing and a non-brahmin for the north wing. Our brahmin typist was a Jagannadha Rao. Not everyone could type a Ph D thesis...the thesis went to the US or England and the examiners would throw it out even if there was a single typing error...corrected by eraser or not. So, the approved typist had to be a perfectionist. 

Jagan was a full time employee in the Registry and so was available only during nights....that was why my senior needed a sleepless assistant like me...Three copies of the thesis had to be submitted and that meant reams of carbon papers for the 350-page thesis...Jagan used to change carbon papers after every 3 pages saying that foreign examiners have very stringent standards of legibility. Part of my job was to see that he didn't steal too many carbon papers...they were frightfully expensive. 

After a couple of months, the thesis typing was through after passing my scrutiny. And the job of copying the diagrams came up. Since the thesis was experimental, there were too many graphs and circuit diagrams, and a brahmin draftsman had to be found to draw them on a tracing paper with India ink (that had nothing to do with India...The process of making India ink was known in China as far back as the middle of the 3rd millennium BC, during Neolithic China.[1] India ink was first invented in China...)

After I oversaw the draftsman's work (ensuring he didn't steal the tracing papers or India ink), I was asked to help in getting 3 prints of each of the figures. 

This was done by a process known as diazo-printing (later known as blueprinting). This called for special ammonia-papers the packet of which had to be opened in the dark. There was a wooden frame on which the tracing paper with its diagram was screwed up and an ammonia paper inserted in the slot behind it. The frame was then taken out and placed on a wooden chair facing sunshine. After 3 minutes the ammonia gets enough ultraviolet from the sunshine and leaves a bluish paper with a blackish diagram on it...

...only trouble was that it was monsoon time and the sun hid behind the clouds every other minute... 


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